REVIEW PAPER
Should limit values be set for infrasound caused by wind turbines?
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1
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
(Department of Vibroacoustic Hazards)
2
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
(Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics)
Online publication date: 2025-02-17
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ABSTRACT
The study focuses on setting outdoor exposure limits for wind turbine infrasound, as most countries currently have no specific limits for this type of noise.
A review of the literature on the effects of wind turbine infrasound and the methods used worldwide to measure and assess environmental exposure to in-
frasound formed the basis for setting limits. According to the literature, human tolerance to infrasound is defined by the hearing threshold, which is not
yet standardized. Therefore, a G96 curve (corresponding to tones with the G-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) equal to 96 dB) was used to determine
the mean hearing threshold in the 1–20 Hz frequency range. Infrasound that cannot be heard (or felt) is not annoying and does not cause other adverse
health effects. The infrasound levels measured around wind farms are well below the hearing threshold. Few countries have set limits for infrasound in
either outdoor or indoor environments. The study proposes the G-weighted equivalent SPL as the basis for assessing exposure to infrasound from wind
turbines. It also specifies preliminary short-term indices (i.e., G-weighted equivalent SPLs for daytime [LGeq, D ] and nighttime [LGeq, N]) and long-term in-
dices (i.e., averaged G-weighted day-evening-night infrasound level [LDEN(G)] and G-weighted night infrasound level [LN(G)]). In order to avoid annoyance
and other possible harmful effects, regardless of land use, 90 dB was provisionally adopted as an acceptable value for LGeq, D and LDEN(G), and 85 dB for LGeq, N
and LN(G). The study highlights the importance of considering specific exposure limits for wind turbine infrasound to ensure the well-being and comfort
of people living near wind turbines. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2025;38(1)