Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (J84.1 by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision – ICD-10) is a rare disease of unknown cause. Among many risk factors, occupational exposure to metal dust is enumerated. Because of metal industry concentration in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, an attempt of spatial and temporal variability of the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis occurrence evaluation in 2006–2010 is made. Material and Methods: The research is a descriptive analysis. Data of the number of new treated cases and firsttime hospitalization due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the years 2006–2010 was obtained from the National Health Found (Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia – NFZ). We also assessed spatial and temporal variability of both rates. Data concerned adults aged ≥ 19 years old inhabited the Silesian Voivodeship. Results: The standardized incidence rate due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis increased in the study period and was in the range of 2.9–3.8/100 000 population. The highest values of incidence were observed in districts localized in the centre of the Silesian Voivodeship. Conclusions: Incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is not so high in the Silesian Voivodeship but the number of newly treated cases slightly increased in 2006–2010. Spatial and temporal variability of incidence rates for treated registered cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the Silesian Voivodeship was observed. It could be an effect of occupational exposure to metal dust, however, final conclusions need more precise studies to the extent of analytical epidemiology. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(4):593–601